{"id":12228,"date":"2023-07-19T21:25:17","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T14:25:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alatca.vn\/?p=12228"},"modified":"2023-07-19T21:32:44","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T14:32:44","slug":"nuoc-nhiem-nitrat-nitrit-amoni-co-nguy-hiem-va-cach-xu-ly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/alatca.vn\/?p=12228","title":{"rendered":"N\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec5m Nitrat, nitrit, amoni c\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Vi\u1ec7c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt nguy hi\u1ec3m cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec5m “Nitrat, nitrit, amoni” nh\u00e9<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n

“Nitrat, nitrit, amoni”\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ion t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t trong chu tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1 c\u00f3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ion nitrat (NO3-) l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng oxy ho\u00e1. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng vi khu\u1ea9n. Ion nitrit (NO2-) ch\u1ee9a nit\u01a1 trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u00f4xi h\u00f3a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ion amoni (NH4+) hay n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9a NH3\u00a0l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ee9a nito \u1edf d\u1ea1ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u00e1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nitrit h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u1eb7c oxy h\u00f3a n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nitrate. Nitrat, nitrit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t l\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m do h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n d\u01b0 th\u1eeba), t\u1eeb x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i nit\u01a1 trong ph\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 b\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\"nitrit-ion-svg\"<\/figure>\n

Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n b\u1edfi ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, trong ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 NH3, NO2-\u00a0v\u00e0 NO3-. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian NH3 v\u00e0 NO2-\u00a0b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh NO3-. T\u00f9y theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nit\u01a1 m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 nitrat, nitrit, amoni \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, ho\u1eb7c 10 mg\/l, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh d\u01b0\u1edbi 6 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 thai.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n

“Nitrat, nitrit, amoni”\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i t\u1edbi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c cho sinh v\u1eadt, t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 nguy hi\u1ec3m g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra nitrat kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng khi nitrat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p thu v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nitrit nh\u1edd vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t. Nitrit l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i nguy \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00ec n\u00f3 oxy h\u00f3a huy\u1ebft s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 hemoglobin trong m\u00e1u chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh methemoglobin. Methemoglobin l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy trong m\u00e1u, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu oxy \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 methemoglobin. Tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 6 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y do c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 axit t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nitrat th\u00e0nh nitrit g\u00e2y ra methemoglobin v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 enzyme trong m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ch\u00fang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh hemoglobin. \u1ede tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ebfu oxy, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p suy gi\u1ea3m, l\u00e0n da b\u00e9 xanh xao \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t xung quanh m\u1eaft v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eed vong. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i nitrat do \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi methemoglobin. Tuy nhi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi methemoglobin, trong thai k\u1ef3 m\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u0103ng t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (0,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,5% t\u1ed5ng hemoglobin \u1edf d\u1ea1ng methemoglobin) \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i \u0111a 10 mg \u1edf tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 30 c\u1ee7a thai k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng sau khi sinh do v\u1eady c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 nitrat, nitrit trong ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

\"2656\"<\/figure>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 do \u0103n u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nitrat v\u00e0 nitrit (\u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao) trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Nitrat v\u00e0 nitrit (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nitrit) v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi do nitrit s\u1ebd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c axit amin trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5t nitrosamine-1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nitrosamin cao khi\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i, t\u00edch l\u0169y l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y trong gan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c, ung th\u01b0 gan ho\u1eb7c ung th\u01b0 d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amoni trong n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n 1mg\/l c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho c\u01a1 quan n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng, g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, h\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5i khi nu\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i, g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00f4 v\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nitrit t\u1ea1o h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eed vong cao.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nitrat, nitrit v\u00e0 amoni c\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. V\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, do c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng; c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nit\u01a1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nitrat, nitrit, amoni x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5m xuy\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m. \u1ede y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, nitrat, nitrit v\u00e0 amoni c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t l\u1eabn d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n r\u00f2ng xu\u1ed1ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m do h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00f4 c\u01a1), t\u1eeb x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i nit\u01a1 trong ph\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/h2>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec5m nitrat, nitrit v\u00e0 amoni trong ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng do c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng : t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, oxi h\u00f3a. Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng amoni t\u1ef1 do b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bay h\u01a1i NH3\u00a0nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng h\u00f2a tan ho\u1eb7c ion h\u00f3a.\u00a0Nitrat, nitrit\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0amoni\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion, ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecdc th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\"xu-ly-nuoc-nhiem-nitrat-nitrit-amoniac-1497687948\"<\/figure>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n

Ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hai b\u01b0\u1edbc bao g\u1ed3m \u0111un s\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc sau h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn bu\u1ed3ng th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecfng. Ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00f4 c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 asen, ch\u00ec, mangan, urani v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h4>\n
    \n
  • Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00f4 c\u01a1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h4>\n
      \n
    • Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cao.<\/li>\n
    • M\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/li>\n
    • Kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
    • C\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion<\/h3>\n

      Trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ion d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thay th\u1ebf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ion trong n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ion c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea5p, nitrat v\u01b0\u1ee3t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ion Cl- th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

      H\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion baz\u01a1 m\u1ea1nh trong \u0111\u00f3 ion nitrat, nitrit s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi ion clorua. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i sinh nh\u1ef1a g\u1ed3m r\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch NaCl ho\u1eb7c KCl \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung ion clorua cho h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd ion amoni, nh\u1ef1a cationit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ion NH4+ h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ion Na+ \u00a0v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o pH n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 4-8.<\/p>\n

      \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h4>\n
        \n
      • Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n
      • X\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nitrat, nitrit m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ion sunfat, cacbonat trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
      • Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h4>\n
          \n
        • Ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n
        • L\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0103n m\u00f2n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
        • Ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ecdc th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h3>\n
          \"mang-ro1\"<\/figure>\n

          L\u1ecdc th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c RO (Reverse Osmosis) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ecdc cho ph\u00e9p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 0,0005 micomet tr\u1edf l\u00ean ra kh\u1ecfi dung d\u1ecbch. RO l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nitrat, nitrit v\u00e0 amoni, theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 0,0002 micromet c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua m\u00e0ng RO. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ee5c r\u1eeda m\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

          \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h4>\n
            \n
          • C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
          • X\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nitrat, nitrit, amoni trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
          • Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h4>\n
              \n
            • C\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sau h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
            • N\u01b0\u1edbc sau l\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 \u0103n m\u00f2n do lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
            • Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nitrat, nitrit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u1eed nitrat, nitrit Denitrificans \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch oxy c\u1ee7a NO2-\u00a0v\u00e0 NO3-\u00a0oxy h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed N2\u00a0bay \u0111i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

              Hi\u1ec7n nay vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00f4 c\u01a1 trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 cho vi\u1ec7c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nit\u01a1 v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m trong sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0103n u\u1ed1ng. D\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nitrat, nitrit, amoni kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng cho kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 \u2013 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nitrat, nitrit v\u00e0 amoni hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0l\u1ecdc th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c RO\u00a0\u2013 mang l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 an l\u00e0nh cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

              \n
              <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              \u00a0 \u00a0Vi\u1ec7c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt nguy hi\u1ec3m cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec5m […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12231,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33,32],"tags":[98,96,97],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-12228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc","category-tin-tuc-moi","tag-amoni","tag-nitrat","tag-nitrit"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"http:\/\/alatca.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/anh-huong-cua-nong-do-nitrit-nitrat-trong-nuoc-den-suc-khoe-con-nguoi-va-tom-ca.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/alatca.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12228","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/alatca.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/alatca.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/alatca.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/alatca.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12228"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/alatca.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12228\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12230,"href":"http:\/\/alatca.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12228\/revisions\/12230"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/alatca.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12231"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/alatca.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/alatca.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/alatca.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12228"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/alatca.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fyst_prominent_words&post=12228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}